The three types of reactor operations yield different temperature profiles within the reactor and are illustrated in figure 9. In 2014, the generation iv international forum confirmed the very high temperature reactor vhtr as one of 6 promising reactor technologies that should be pursued in order to develop advanced reactors suitable for deployment in the 2030s. Group 10s presentation for nre 2110 on the very high temperature reactor design. High temperature gascooled reactor htgr, which is a graphite moderated, helium cooled reactor, is particularly attractive due to capability of producing high temperature helium gas and its inherent safety characteristics, as well as an option to efficiently burn weaponsgrade plutonium for energy production. Seven gascooled htrs have been built around the world in england, germany, the united states, japan, and china. Plutonium, thorium, including deep burn cycles with lwr spent fuel. The helium flows through the reactor core from the bottom to the top, and is cooled down in the steam generator. The turbine inlet volute is designed as an insulated structure like the hot duct. Multiscale modeling of very high temperature reactor.
We have over 250 standard reactor designs which address varied size, material, pressure and temperature requirements. In the next generation nuclear plant, the conceptual design is a heliumcooled, graphite moderated reactor with a ceramic core. Consequently, a detailed design of a fluidized bed reactor that would allow flexible operation at high temperature and high pressure at several gas velocities will be conducted in order to serve for the future development of new hydrodynamic models. The fluoridesaltcooled high temperature reactor fhr with a nuclear airbrayton combined cycle nacc and firebrick resistance heated energy storage fires is a new reactor concept. High temperature process steam and process heat capability offer cogeneration opportunities now. The high temperature reactor and process applications proceedings of an international conference held on 2628 november 1974 this title is not currently available in print. Moltensaltcooled advanced hightemperature reactor for. All these reactors are primarily fuelled by triso tri isostructural coated particles. Htgr high temperature gas reactor htr10 high temperature test reactor china httr high temperature test reactor japan htrnpr high temperature gas reactor new production reactor inl idaho national laboratory isi inservice inspection lbb leakbeforebreak lwr light water reactor mhtgr modular high temperature gascooled reactor. Hightemperature, lowpressure moltenfluoridesalt reactor coolants from the aircraft nuclear propulsion program 1 of the 1950s and the moltensalt breeder reactor program of the 1960s and 1970s 2. It is designed to 1 increase revenue relative to baseload nuclear.
The purpose of this paper is to provide an update on the international effort in the development of the very high temperature reactor system pursued through international collaboration in the. As stated earlier, the current indian high temperature nuclear reactor programme is mainly based on requirements related to production of hydrogen from water by high efficiency thermochemical processes. Apr 18, 2015 group 10s presentation for nre 2110 on the very high temperature reactor design. The path from the reactor to the steam generator inlet is known as the hot leg because this is the high temperature water from the reactor. Compact high temperature reactor the chtr 2 is being developed as a prototype reactor, for the development and demonstration of technologies associated with high temperature reactors. The thtr300 was a thorium high temperature nuclear reactor rated at 300 mw electric thtr300 in hammuentrop, germany. From 2006 through 2009 he was the program manager for the nuclear hydrogen initiative, coordinating doe efforts to develop high temperature watersplitting technologies to take advantage of htgr outlet temperatures. Outside of double insulated manifold safe to touch at all times. Pdf design options for the advanced hightemperature reactor. Ifa reactor is operated at nonisothennal or adiabatic conditions then the ma terial balance equation must be written with the temperature, t, as a variable. High temperature gascooled reactor march 2014 4 areva htgr questionsanswers background the next generation nuclear plant project was authorized by energy policy act of 2005 and sets the stage for a collaborative effort between government and industry to bring high temperature gascooled reactor htgr technology to a commercial reality.
Pdf status of the very high temperature reactor system. In april 2005, the eu commission has started a new 4year integrated project on very high temperature reactors raphael. The term very high temperature reactor vhtr loosely covers any reactor design with a. High pressure equipment pressure vessels and reactors. Sep 01, 2011 the advanced high temperature reactor ahtr is a design concept for a central generating station type 3400 mwt fluoridesaltcooled high temperature reactor fhr. The high graphite inventory provides significant thermal inertia. The vhtr is a next step in the evolutionary development of hightemperature gascooled reactors. Hot gas from the reactor enters the turbine from the hot duct. Jan 16, 2017 a small modular nuclear reactor to replace coal plants could be on the market within 5 years. Pdf very hightemperature reactor vhtr proliferation. Materials for the very high temperature reactorresults.
Generation nuclear plant project, the doe initiative to develop and demonstrate a high temperature gascooled reactor htgr. Multiscale modeling of very high temperature reactor thermalfluids using openfoam ivor clifford, kostadin ivanov, maria avramova the pennsylvania state. By virtue of its high temperature heat, a vhtr can be used in hightemperature process heat applications, including hydrogen production and highefficiency electricity generation. A very high temperature gascooled reactor vhtr is an inherently safe reactor that can produce heat of 750c950c.
The high temperature gascooled reactor jrc publications. Materials for the very high temperature reactor results and progress within the fifth and sixth framework programmes p. High pressurehigh temperature reactor systems posted on may 16, 2011 september 26, 2011 parrs customizable reactors and pressure vessels can be designed for up to 5,000 psi and temperatures to 500 c. History and promise of high temperature gas cooled reactors. Internationally, there are only two high temperature systems under consideration. The present very high temperature reactor vhtr, operating at 7500c. The basic technology for the vhtr has been established in former high temperature gascooled reactor plants dragon, peach bottom, avr, thtr, fort st. In this study, the optimum size of the compact heat exchanger has been developed based on its weight and pumping power for the reference design of 600 mwt very high temperature gascooled reactor. Next generation nuclear plant system requirements manual, idaho national. High temperatures are experienced by the turbines first few stages, the turbine inlet structure, and the recuperator. The term typically refers to the next step in the evolutionary development of hightemperature gascooled reactors htgrs. Ultimate choice of reactor conditions the use of steam in the styrene process above is an example of how an engineer. This reactor, initially developed to generate about 100 kw th. Thermal hydraulics of the very high temperature gas cooled.
The veryhightemperature reactor vhtr, or hightemperature gascooled reactor htgr, is a generation iv reactor concept that uses a graphitemoderated nuclear reactor with a oncethrough uranium fuel cycle. Very high temperature reactor presented by taher, md iktiham bin 15983781 khan, md rabiul islam 15982791 islam, kazi rashedul 15984751 2. Advantages of very high temperature reactors clear passive safety mechanism 1. Status of the very high temperature reactor system. The overall goal of the ahtr development program is to demonstrate the technical feasibility of fhrs as lowcost, largesize power producers while maintaining full passive safety. High pressure equipment company designs and manufactures a broad range of pressure vessels and reactors for both benchscale and pilot plant applications. Mar 18, 20 very high temperature reactor, shown in fig. The high temperature reactor and process applications.
Production based on high temperature steam electrolysis ngnp htse conceptual design direct coupled to htgr reactor for electrical power and process heat 600 mwth reactor could produce 85 million scfd hydrogen similar to a large steam methane reforming plant and 42 million scfd oxygen. This series of stirred reactors has been designed for users who need higher operating. Post cooling tube to return products to safe temperature before reentering pfa tubing. It is a graphitemoderated, heliumcooled reactor with thermal neutron spectrum.
Significant efforts are underway in several member states to develop high temperature gas cooled reactors htgr based on either pebble bed or prismatic designs. Professor of the practice massachusetts institute of technology. Reactor for process heat and electricity as part of its 6 th framework. The veryhightemperature reactor vhtr, or hightemperature gascooled reactor htgr, is a generation iv reactor concept that uses a graphite moderated. Among the 6 candidates of the gen iv nuclear systems in the technical roadmap of gen iv international forum gif, the very high temperature reactor vhtr is primarily dedicated to the cogeneration of electricity and hydrogen, the latter being extracted from water by using thermochemical, electrochemical or hybrid processes. C for large scale hydrogen production, is in progress. The advanced hightemperature reactor ahtr is a new reactor concept under development that uses a solid high temperature fuel and a liquid fluoride salt coolant. Sinha reactor engineering division, bhabha atomic research centre a b s t r a c t chtr is mainly a 233uthorium fuelled, leadbismuth cooled and beryllium oxide moderated reactor.
S department of energy doe is conducting research on the very high temperature reactor vhtr design concept for the next generation nuclear plant ngnp project. Today, development continues on using these salts and associated advanced hightemperature materials for cooling fusion reactors. The very high temperature reactor the term very high temperature reactor vhtr loosely covers any reactor design with a coolant outlet temperature of c or above. The fuel is a graphitematrix, coatedparticle fuel, the same type that is used in modular hightemperature gascooled reactors mhtgrs.
In addition, the technologies for the vhtr are being advanced in the gas turbinemodular helium reactor gt. Study of convection heat transfer in a very high temperature reactor flow channel. It can supply nuclear heat and electricity over a range of core outlet temperatures between 700 and 950c, or more than 1 000c in future. Pdf the advanced hightemperature reactor ahtr is a new. High pressurehigh temperature reactor systems parr. The vhtr system is designed to be a highefficiency system that can supply process heat to a broad spectrum of hightemperature and energy intensive, nonelectric process es. Types nuclear reactor design advantages and disadvantages of vhtr conclusion and future works 3. Core and refueling design studies for the advanced high. High temperature gas reactors briefing to by andrew c. Graphite also has a high thermal conductivity, which facilitates the transfer of heat to the reflector, and it can withstand high temperatures.
High temperature nuclear reactors for hydrogen production. It passes through the reactor core and by core flood tank c inlet and the control rods b, and then out of the reactor, bypassing the pressurizer d outlet, and over to the steam generator e. Professor of the practice massachusetts institute of technology kadak associates, inc. The vhtr is a type of hightemperature reactor htr that can conceptually have an outlet temperature of c. Pdf veryhightemperature gascooled reactors vhtgrs are gaining increasing attention due to their technical advantages over light water. The reactor design will be a graphite moderated, thermal neutron spectrum reactor that will produce electricity and hydrogen in a highly efficient manner.
Hydrogen production using high temperature reactors techno press. Barc is currently developing concepts of high temperature nuclear reactors capable of supplying process heat at a temperature around 1273 k. High temperature gas cooled reactor fuels and materials. It started operating in 1983, synchronized with the grid in 1985, operated at full power in february 1987 and was shut down september 1, 1989. The very high temperature reactor marks the next evolutionary step in reactor design, capable of powering our cities with greater than 50% thermal efficiency, and producing cleanburning hydrogen via carbonfree processes. This file contains additional information such as exif metadata which may have been added by the digital camera, scanner, or software program used to create or digitize it. The advanced hightemperature reactor ahtr for producing. Manual or computer automated image analysis is performed to measure the minimum.